F.AN. Newsletter

On Tuesday, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a press releaseannouncing a new proposal to lower the maximum level of fluoride that can be added to bottled water, from 0.8 ppm down to 0.7 ppm. The reduction of 0.1 ppm is FDA’s effort to help reduce rampant dental fluorosis. This change does not lower the allowable level of naturally occurring fluoride in bottled water.

The FDA has invited the public, industry, and "stakeholders" to submit comments on its proposal on or before June 3, 2019.  For information and instructions on how to submit a comment, visit the Federal Register.

In response to the FDA's proposal, CNN published a good article (see below) quoting the Fluoride Action Network's Research Director, Chris Neurath, and raising important questions about recent studies on fluoride's neurotoxicity.  The discussion in the article put the issue into context: not on dental fluorosis, but on fluoride’s neurotoxicity.  Parts of CNN's article has been re-published by countless media outlets across North America and around the world, including in USA Today and the UK's Daily Mail.  Click here to see an updated archive of these articles.

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FDA PROPOSES NEW FLUORIDE STANDARD FOR BOTTLED WATER,
BUT SOME SAY IT’S STILL TOO HIGHBy: Susan Scutti, CNN

The US Food and Drug Administration is proposing a lower concentration level standard for fluoride in bottled water, yet some scientists and environmental groups believe that the proposed limit is still too high and poses a danger to human health.

If finalized, the new regulation would lower allowable levels of fluoride in domestically packaged and imported bottled water to 0.7 milligrams per liter, a slight reduction from the current standard of 0.8 milligrams per liter allowed by the FDA.

The proposed standard would apply only to bottled water with added fluoride. It would not affect allowable levels of fluoride in bottled water that may contain fluoride from source water.

Dental health

The FDA’s proposed rule aligns with a 2015 recommendation from the US Public Health Service, part of the US Department of Health and Human Services, that suggests 0.7 milligrams per liter is the optimal fluoride concentration for community water systems that add fluoride.

The new rule “is based on findings from evolving research on optimal concentrations of fluoride that balances fluoride’s benefits in preventing tooth decay with its risk of causing dental fluorosis, a condition most often characterized by white patches on teeth,” the FDA said in its statement. Dental fluorosis is caused by taking in too much fluoride over a long period when adult teeth are forming under the gums.

But some scientists’ concerns extend far beyond fluorosis.

“Given that fluoride can damage brain development, I would recommend that the maximum fluoride concentration in bottled water be kept at a lower level than 0.7 mg/L,”Dr. Philippe Grandjean, an adjunct professor of environmental health at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, wrote in an email.

Christopher Neurath, research director of the American Environmental Health Studies Project, which is connected to the Fluoride Action Network, an environmental advocacy group, said “currently, there are rapidly increasing scientific studies showing neurotoxicity to fluoride,” with research showing a direct link between children’s IQ and their level of fluoride exposure in the womb: “That is our largest concern.”

Behavioral and cognitive health effects

Morteza Bashash, an assistant professor in the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto, found higher fluoride levels as measured in urine samples of pregnant women are associated with both lower IQ and increased risk of ADHD among children in Mexico.

Specifically, Bashash found a drop in childrens’ scores on intelligence tests for every 0.5 milligram-per-liter increase in fluoride exposure beyond 0.8 milligrams per liter detected in a pregnant mother’s urine. It is not clear whether this is research applicable to the US population, he told CNN.

In Mexico, for example, the government delivers cavity-reducing fluoride by adding it to salt, not water (since many people avoid drinking tap water).

Still, his research findings were “based on the true measurement of fluoride absorbed in the body.” And a Canadian study presented at a conference last year and studies conducted in China showed IQ losses as related to fluoride levels within a similar order of magnitude.

Due to similar fluoride sources, regulations and diet, Canada’s findings of urine levels are likely similar to American urine levels, said Bashash.

Neurath trusts that both the Mexican and Canadian study results would generally apply to the US since “urine fluoride is best measure of total fluoride intake.”

Canadian data from the past 15 years has shown that women living in cities with fluorinated water supplies had “almost double” urine fluoride concentrations levels as women living in non-fluorinated cities. “Drinking water fluoride is the major source of fluoride for these women,” he said.

The effect of prenatal exposure to fluoride on IQ are “very large,” Neurath believes. “And on a population basis, that’s very concerning.”

Proposed rule may not be adequate 

Neurath himself published a study of dental fluorosis this year, based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, which found a “dramatic increase in fluorosis” over results from a decade ago. (The study, though published in a peer-reviewed journal, is co-authored by an attorney representing the Fluoride Action Network in legal action regarding regulation of fluoridation chemicals by the US Environmental Protection Agency.)

More than 30% of adolescents in the study showed moderate to severe dental fluorosis (an additional 35% of children showed lesser signs of the condition), “a huge increase” over a survey conducted about a decade prior, Neurath said. He believes that the proposed standard is unlikely to reduce dental fluorosis to acceptable levels.

However, he has a bigger concern. “Dental fluorosis is a visible sign of overexposure to fluoride, but there are other nonvisible signs and adverse health effects that are much more serious,” Neurath said based on the work of Bashash and Grandjean.

Grandjean’s work, which was funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. “Our review of studies from China and our own field study is in accordance with a recent study by US researchers carried out in Mexico that elevated exposure to fluoride during pregnancy is associated with toxicity to brain development.

“Given that fluoride is added to toothpaste to secure that the enamel surface of the teeth is properly protected against caries, there is no need to supplement the dietary fluoride intake,” he said.

Alternatively, Bashash said fluoride in drinking water is considered one of the “biggest public health victories” in preventing cavities. While his job as a scientist is to study a given topic, It is the job of policymakers to come up with the overall understanding of what’s necessary. The FDA looks “at the big picture” by gathering the evidence and evaluating the pros and cons based on national priorities. “This has been a hot topic for 60 years.”

Linda Birnbaum, director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, explained that a “large, cross-government working group” looked at the data available in 2010 to 2011 and concluded that 0.7 mg/L was the appropriate level of fluoride concentration in drinking water, one that “balances protection from dental caries while limiting the risk from dental fluorosis.”

The institute has funded studies that explore other health effects, she said, “and we are looking at the information in a systematic review now.”

The International Bottled Water Association, a trade group, said it supports the FDA proposal to revise the standard of quality for fluoride added to bottled water.

“Most companies are well below” the newly proposed limit, according to Jill Culora, a spokeswoman for the association. “The proposed rule takes into account the many sources of fluoride in people’s diets and will further reduce the risk of dental fluorosis, while still providing an optimal level of fluoride to help prevent tooth decay.”

Cavities are not the only concern, said Neurath: “The proposed rule is not adequate.”

 

View original CNN article online.