Developmental Fluoride Neurotoxicity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Background: Although fluoride may cause neurotoxicity in animal models and acute fluoride poisoning causes neurotoxicity in adults, very little is known of its effects on children’s neurodevelopment.
Objective: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies to investigate the effects of increased fluoride exposure and delayed neurobehavioral development.
Results: The standardized weighted mean difference in IQ score between exposed and reference populations was -0.45 (95% CI -0.56 to -0.35) using a random-effects model. Thus, children in high fluoride areas had significantly lower IQ scores than those who lived in low fluoride areas. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses also indicated inverse associations, although the substantial heterogeneity did not appear to decrease.
Conclusions: The results support the possibility of an adverse effect of high fluoride exposure on children’s neurodevelopment. Future research should include detailed individual-level information on prenatal exposure, neurobehavioral performance, and covariates for adjustment.
When Prof Connett during the 3 month consultation gave details of Chinese papers showing lower IQ in fluoridated areas the SHA rejected them now Harvard University indicates that there is a link. Meanwhile the SHA are steaming ahead to introduce this toxic waste into Southampton's water with money taken from their own budget that was ear marked for other medical services.
Objective: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies to investigate the effects of increased fluoride exposure and delayed neurobehavioral development.
Results: The standardized weighted mean difference in IQ score between exposed and reference populations was -0.45 (95% CI -0.56 to -0.35) using a random-effects model. Thus, children in high fluoride areas had significantly lower IQ scores than those who lived in low fluoride areas. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses also indicated inverse associations, although the substantial heterogeneity did not appear to decrease.
Conclusions: The results support the possibility of an adverse effect of high fluoride exposure on children’s neurodevelopment. Future research should include detailed individual-level information on prenatal exposure, neurobehavioral performance, and covariates for adjustment.
When Prof Connett during the 3 month consultation gave details of Chinese papers showing lower IQ in fluoridated areas the SHA rejected them now Harvard University indicates that there is a link. Meanwhile the SHA are steaming ahead to introduce this toxic waste into Southampton's water with money taken from their own budget that was ear marked for other medical services.
posted by Bill at
9:49 AM
0 Comments:
Post a Comment
<< Home